This article will address the topic of Pracalit script from different perspectives, with the aim of providing a comprehensive and in-depth vision of this topic. Its origins, evolution, implications and possible future scenarios will be analyzed, as well as its relevance in today's society. Various research, studies and expert opinions will be examined in order to provide the reader with a complete and up-to-date understanding of Pracalit script. Additionally, concrete examples and case studies will be presented to exemplify theoretical concepts and foster greater understanding. We hope that this article is useful and interesting to those who wish to deepen their knowledge of Pracalit script.
Prachalit Nepal | |
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![]() The word 'Prachalit Nepal' in Prachalit Nepal script | |
Script type | |
Time period | Unknown — 1769 |
Direction | Left-to-right ![]() |
Languages | Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit, Pali |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Sister systems | Ranjana Bhujimol |
ISO 15924 | |
ISO 15924 | Newa (333), Newa, Newar, Newari, Nepāla lipi |
Unicode | |
Unicode alias | Newa |
U+11400–U+1147F |
Brahmic scripts |
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The Brahmi script and its descendants |
Prachalit, also known as Newa, Newar, Newari, or Nepāla lipi is a type of abugida script developed from the Nepalese scripts, which are a part of the family of Brahmic scripts descended from Brahmi script. It is used to write Nepal Bhasa, Sanskrit and Pali. Various publications are still published in this script including the Sikkim Herald the bulletin of the Sikkim government (Newari edition).
Plosive | Nasal | Sonorant | Sibilant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Voiceless | Voiced | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plain | Aspirated | Modal | Breathy | Modal | Breathy | Modal | Breathy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Velar | 𑐎 | क | kə | kə | 𑐏 | ख | khə | kʰə | 𑐐 | ग | gə | ɡə | 𑐑 | घ | ghə | ɡʱə | 𑐒 | ङ | ŋə | ŋə | 𑐓 | ङ्ह | ŋhə | ŋʱə | ||||||||||||
Palatal | 𑐔 | च | cə | tɕə | 𑐕 | छ | chə | tɕʰə | 𑐖 | ज | jə | dʑə | 𑐗 | झ | jhə | dʑʱə | 𑐘 | ञ | ñə | ɲə | 𑐙 | ञ्ह | ñhə | ɲʱə | 𑐫 | य | yə | jə | 𑐴𑑂𑐫 | ह्य | yhə | jʱə | 𑐱 | श | sə | sə |
Retroflex | 𑐚 | ट | ṭə | ʈə | 𑐛 | ठ | ṭhə | ʈʰə | 𑐜 | ड | ḍə | ɖə | 𑐝 | ढ | ḍhə | ɖʱə | 𑐞 | ण | ṇə | ɳə | 𑐴𑑂𑐞 | ण्ह | ṇhə | ɳʱə | 𑐬 | र | rə | ɾə | 𑐭 | ह्र | rhə | ɾʱə | 𑐲 | ष | sə | sə |
Dental | 𑐟 | त | tə | tə | 𑐠 | थ | thə | tʰə | 𑐡 | द | də | də | 𑐢 | ध | dhə | dʱə | 𑐣 | न | nə | nə | 𑐤 | न्ह | nhə | nʱə | 𑐮 | ल | lə | lə | 𑐯 | ल्ह | lhə | lʱə | 𑐳 | स | sə | sə |
Labial | 𑐥 | प | pə | pə | 𑐦 | फ | phə | pʰə | 𑐧 | ब | bə | bə | 𑐨 | भ | bhə | bʱə | 𑐩 | म | mə | mə | 𑐪 | म्ह | mhə | mʱə | 𑐰 | व | wə | wɔ | 𑐴𑑂𑐰 | व्ह | whə | wʱɔ |
Guttural | 𑐴 | ह | hə | hə |
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Short | Long | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | 𑐎+ k+ | 𑐐+ g+ | Independent | 𑐎+ k+ | 𑐐+ g+ | ||||||||||||||||||
𑐀 | अ | ə | ə | 𑐎 | क | kə | kə | 𑐐 | ग | gə | ɡə | 𑐀𑑅 | अः | əə | əː | 𑐎𑑅 | कः | kəə | kəː | 𑐐𑑅 | गः | gəə | ɡəː |
𑐁 | आ | a | a | 𑐎𑐵 | का | ka | ka | 𑐐𑐵 | गा | ga | ɡa | 𑐁𑑅 | आः | aa | aː | 𑐎𑐵𑑅 | काः | kaa | kaː | 𑐐𑐵𑑅 | गाः | gaa | ɡaː |
𑐂 | इ | i | i | 𑐎𑐶 | कि | ki | ki | 𑐐𑐶 | गि | gi | ɡi | 𑐃 | ई | ii | iː | 𑐎𑐷 | की | kii | kiː | 𑐐𑐷 | गी | gii | ɡiː |
𑐄 | उ | u | u | 𑐎𑐸 | कु | ku | ku | 𑐐𑐸 | गु | gu | ɡu | 𑐅 | ऊ | uu | uː | 𑐎𑐹 | कू | kuu | kuː | 𑐐𑐹 | गू | guu | ɡuː |
𑐆 | ऋ | ri | ɾi | 𑐎𑐺 | कृ | kri | kɾi | 𑐐𑐺 | गृ | gri | ɡɾi | 𑐇 | ॠ | ? | ? | 𑐎𑐻 | कॄ | ? | ? | 𑐐𑐻 | गॄ | ? | ? |
𑐈 | ऌ | ? | ? | 𑐎𑐼 | कॢ | ? | ? | 𑐐𑐼 | गॢ | ? | ? | 𑐉 | ॡ | ? | ? | 𑐎𑐽 | कॣ | ? | ? | 𑐐𑐽 | गॣ | ? | ? |
𑐊 | ए | e | e | 𑐎𑐾 | के | ke | ke | 𑐐𑐾 | गे | ge | ɡe | ? | ? | ee | eː | ? | ? | kee | keː | ? | ? | gee | ɡeː |
𑐌 | ओ | o | o | 𑐎𑐾 | को | ko | ko | 𑐐𑑀 | गो | go | ɡo | ? | ? | oo | oː | ? | ? | koo | koː | ? | ? | goo | ɡoː |
Other vowels | Other diacritics | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | 𑐎+ k+ | 𑐐+ g+ | 𑐀+ ə+ | 𑐎+ kə+ | 𑐐+ gə+ | ||||||||||||||||||
𑐋 | ऐ | əi | əi | 𑐎𑐿 | कै | kəi | kəi | 𑐐𑐿 | गै | gəi | ɡəi | 𑐀𑑄 | अं | ə̃ | ə̃ | 𑐎𑑄 | कं | kə̃ | kə̃ | 𑐐𑑄 | गं | gə̃ | ɡə̃ |
𑐍 | औ | əu | əu | 𑐎𑑁 | कौ | kəu | kəu | 𑐐𑑁 | गौ | gəu | ɡəu | 𑐀𑑃 | अँ | ə̃ | ə̃ | 𑐎𑑃 | कँ | kə̃ | kə̃ | 𑐐𑑃 | गँ | gə̃ | ɡə̃ |
𑐀𑐫𑑂 | अय् | əe | ɛː | 𑐎𑐫𑑂 | कय् | kəe | kɛː | 𑐐𑐫𑑂 | गय् | gəe | ɡɛː | ||||||||||||
𑐁𑐫𑑂 | आय् | ae | æː | 𑐎𑐵𑐫𑑂 | काय् | kae | kæː | 𑐐𑐵𑐫𑑂 | गाय् | gae | ɡæː | ||||||||||||
𑐊𑐫𑑂 | एय् | ? | ? | 𑐎𑐾𑐫𑑂 | केय् | ? | ? | 𑐐𑐾𑐫𑑂 | गेय् | ? | ? | ||||||||||||
𑑂 | ् | - | Ø | 𑐎𑑂 | क् | k | k | 𑐐𑑂 | ग् | g | ɡ |
𑑐 | 𑑑 | 𑑒 | 𑑓 | 𑑔 | 𑑕 | 𑑖 | 𑑗 | 𑑘 | 𑑙 |
० | १ | २ | ३ | ४ | ५ | ६ | ७ | ८ | ९ |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
Prachalit Nepal script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2016 with the release of version 9.0.
The Unicode block for Prachalit Nepal, called Newa, is U+11400–U+1147F:
Newa Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+1140x | 𑐀 | 𑐁 | 𑐂 | 𑐃 | 𑐄 | 𑐅 | 𑐆 | 𑐇 | 𑐈 | 𑐉 | 𑐊 | 𑐋 | 𑐌 | 𑐍 | 𑐎 | 𑐏 |
U+1141x | 𑐐 | 𑐑 | 𑐒 | 𑐓 | 𑐔 | 𑐕 | 𑐖 | 𑐗 | 𑐘 | 𑐙 | 𑐚 | 𑐛 | 𑐜 | 𑐝 | 𑐞 | 𑐟 |
U+1142x | 𑐠 | 𑐡 | 𑐢 | 𑐣 | 𑐤 | 𑐥 | 𑐦 | 𑐧 | 𑐨 | 𑐩 | 𑐪 | 𑐫 | 𑐬 | 𑐭 | 𑐮 | 𑐯 |
U+1143x | 𑐰 | 𑐱 | 𑐲 | 𑐳 | 𑐴 | 𑐵 | 𑐶 | 𑐷 | 𑐸 | 𑐹 | 𑐺 | 𑐻 | 𑐼 | 𑐽 | 𑐾 | 𑐿 |
U+1144x | 𑑀 | 𑑁 | 𑑂 | 𑑃 | 𑑄 | 𑑅 | 𑑆 | 𑑇 | 𑑈 | 𑑉 | 𑑊 | 𑑋 | 𑑌 | 𑑍 | 𑑎 | 𑑏 |
U+1145x | 𑑐 | 𑑑 | 𑑒 | 𑑓 | 𑑔 | 𑑕 | 𑑖 | 𑑗 | 𑑘 | 𑑙 | 𑑚 | 𑑛 | 𑑝 | 𑑞 | 𑑟 | |
U+1146x | 𑑠 | 𑑡 | ||||||||||||||
U+1147x | ||||||||||||||||
Notes |
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Covers Prachalit, Ranjana and Bhujimol, development, current use, information about and drawings of character formation.