Stiff voice
Today, we want to address the topic of Stiff voice, since this is a topic that has aroused great interest in today's society. Stiff voice is a topic that has been present throughout history, and has been the subject of analysis and debate in numerous areas. In this article, we propose to explore in depth the various dimensions of Stiff voice, with the aim of providing our readers with a comprehensive and enriching vision of this topic. From its origins to its relevance today, including its implications in different aspects of daily life, we aim to offer a broad and complete perspective that allows us to better understand the importance and impact of Stiff voice in our society.
| Stiff voice | |
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| ◌̭ |
The term stiff voice describes the pronunciation of consonants or vowels with a glottal opening narrower, and the vocal folds stiffer, than occurs in modal voice. Although there is no specific IPA diacritic for stiff voice, the voicing diacritic (a subscript wedge) may be used in conjunction with the symbol for a voiced consonant.[page needed] In Bru, for example, stiff-voiced vowels have tenseness in the glottis and pharynx without going so far as to be creaky voiced, whereas slack-voiced vowels are lax in the glottis without going so far as to be breathy voice.
One language with stiff voice is Thai:
| Bilabial | Dental | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| phonation | Thai | IPA | gloss | Thai | IPA | gloss |
| stiff voice | บ้า bâa | 'crazy' | ด่า dàa | 'curse, scold' | ||
| tenuis | ป้า bpâa | 'aunt' | ตา dtaa | 'eye' | ||
| aspirated | ผ้า pâa | 'cloth' | ท่า tâa | 'landing place' | ||
Javanese contrasts stiff and slack voiced bilabial, dental, retroflex, and velar stops.
| Bilabial | Dental Stop | Dental Affricate | Retroflex | Velar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| phonation | IPA | gloss | IPA | gloss | IPA | gloss | IPA | gloss | IPA | gloss |
| stiff voice | 'nail' | 'guest' | 'sheet (of paper)' | 'little' | 'river' | |||||
| slack voice | 'standard' | 'blow' | (type of women's clothing) | 'first' | 'dig' | |||||
Mpi (Loloish) contrasts modals and stiff voice in its vowels. This is not register: for each of the six Mpi tones, a word may have either a modal or stiff-voiced vowel. For example, low tone contrasts /sì/ 'blood' and /sì̬/ 'seven'.
References
- ^ a b c d Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
- ^ Gordon, Matthew; Ladefoged, Peter (2001). "Phonation types: A cross-linguistic overview" (PDF). Journal of Phonetics. 29 (4): 383–406. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.232.7720. doi:10.1006/jpho.2001.0147.
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