List of governors of Rhode Island

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Governor of Rhode Island
Seal of the governor
Flag of the governor
Incumbent
Dan McKee
since March 2, 2021
Style
Status
Term lengthFour years, renewable once consecutively
Inaugural holderNicholas Cooke
FormationNovember 7, 1775 (1775-11-07)
DeputyLieutenant Governor of Rhode Island
Salary$128,210 (2013)
Websitegovernor.ri.gov

The governor of Rhode Island is the head of government of Rhode Island and serves as commander-in-chief of the U.S. state's Army National Guard and Air National Guard. The current governor is Dan McKee.

Governors

Rhode Island was one of the original Thirteen Colonies and was admitted as a state on May 29, 1790. Before it declared its independence, Rhode Island was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain.

The state initially continued operating under the provisions of its 1663 charter, which simply said that the governor and deputy-governor would be elected from time to time. The 1842 constitution formalized the terms for governor and lieutenant governor to be one year, beginning on the first Tuesday of May after the election. Amendment XVI, taking effect in 1911, changed the term to be two years beginning from the first Tuesday in the January after the election. Terms were lengthened to four years in 1992, but governors were now limited to succeeding themselves only once. A former governor can run again after a four year break. Should the office of governor be vacant, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.

Governors of the State of Rhode Island
No. Governor Term in office Party Election Lt. Governor
1   Nicholas Cooke
(1717–1782)
November 7, 1775

May 6, 1778
(did not run)
None 1776   William Bradford
1777
2 William Greene
(1731–1809)
May 6, 1778

May 3, 1786
(lost election)
None 1778 Jabez Bowen
1779
1780 William West
1781 Jabez Bowen
1782
1783
1784
1785
3 John Collins
(1717–1795)
May 3, 1786

May 5, 1790
(lost election)
None 1786 Daniel Owen
1787
1788
1789
4 Arthur Fenner
(1745–1805)
May 5, 1790

October 15, 1805
(died in office)
Country 1790 Samuel J. Potter
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799 George Brown
1800 Samuel J. Potter
1801
1802
1803 Paul Mumford
(died July 20, 1805)
1804
1805
Vacant
5 Henry Smith
(1766–1818)
October 15, 1805

May 7, 1806
(lost election)
Democratic-
Republican
Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
6 Isaac Wilbour
(1763–1837)
May 7, 1806

May 6, 1807
(successor took office)
Democratic-
Republican
1806 Acting as governor
7 James Fenner
(1771–1846)
May 6, 1807

May 1, 1811
(lost election)
Democratic-
Republican
1807 Constant Taber
1808 Simeon Martin
1809
1810 Isaac Wilbour
8 William Jones
(1753–1822)
May 1, 1811

May 7, 1817
(lost election)
Federalist 1811 Simeon Martin
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816 Jeremiah Thurston
9 Nehemiah R. Knight
(1780–1854)
May 7, 1817

January 9, 1821
(resigned)
Democratic-
Republican
1817 Edward Wilcox
1818
1819
1820
Edward Wilcox
(unknown)
January 9, 1821

May 2, 1821
(did not run)
Democratic-
Republican
Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
10 William C. Gibbs
(1787–1871)
May 2, 1821

May 5, 1824
(did not run)
Democratic-
Republican
1821 Caleb Earle
1822
1823
11 James Fenner
(1771–1846)
May 5, 1824

May 4, 1831
(lost election)
Democratic-
Republican
1824 Charles Collins
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
12 Lemuel H. Arnold
(1792–1852)
May 4, 1831

May 1, 1833
(lost election)
National
Republican
1831
1832
13 John Brown Francis
(1791–1864)
May 1, 1833

May 2, 1838
(lost election)
Democratic-
Republican
/
Anti-Masonic
1833 Jeffrey Hazard
Democratic 1834
1835 George Engs
1836 Jeffrey Hazard
1837 Benjamin Babock Thurston
14 William Sprague III
(1799–1856)
May 2, 1838

May 2, 1839
(lost election)
Whig 1838 Joseph Childs
15 Samuel Ward King
(1786–1851)
May 2, 1839

May 2, 1843
(did not run)
Whig 1839 Byron Diman
1840
1841
1842
16 James Fenner
(1771–1846)
May 2, 1843

May 6, 1845
(lost election)
Law and Order 1843
1844
17 Charles Jackson
(1797–1876)
May 6, 1845

May 6, 1846
(lost election)
Liberation 1845
18 Byron Diman
(1795–1865)
May 6, 1846

May 4, 1847
(did not run)
Law and Order 1846 Elisha Harris
19 Elisha Harris
(1791–1861)
May 4, 1847

May 1, 1849
(did not run)
Whig 1847 Edward W. Lawton
1848
20 Henry B. Anthony
(1815–1884)
May 1, 1849

May 6, 1851
(did not run)
Whig 1849 Thomas Whipple
1850
21 Philip Allen
(1785–1865)
May 6, 1851

July 20, 1853
(resigned)
Democratic 1851 William Beach Lawrence
1852 Samuel G. Arnold
1853 Francis M. Dimond
22 Francis M. Dimond
(1796–1859)
July 20, 1853

May 2, 1854
(lost election)
Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
23 William W. Hoppin
(1807–1890)
May 2, 1854

May 26, 1857
(did not run)
Whig 1854 John J. Reynolds
1855 Anderson C. Rose
1856 Nicholas Brown III
24 Elisha Dyer
(1811–1890)
May 26, 1857

May 31, 1859
(did not run)
Republican 1857 Thomas G. Turner
1858
25 Thomas G. Turner
(1810–1875)
May 31, 1859

May 29, 1860
(lost nomination)
Republican 1859 Isaac Saunders
26 William Sprague IV
(1830–1915)
May 29, 1860

March 3, 1863
(resigned)
Democratic 1860 J. Russell Bullock
1861
1862 Samuel G. Arnold
(resigned December 1, 1862)
Vacant
27 William C. Cozzens
(1811–1876)
March 3, 1863

May 26, 1863
(lost election)
Democratic Succeeded from
president of
the Senate
28 James Y. Smith
(1809–1876)
May 26, 1863

May 29, 1866
(did not run)
Republican 1863 Seth Padelford
1864
1865 Duncan Pell
29 Ambrose Burnside
(1824–1881)
May 29, 1866

May 25, 1869
(did not run)
Republican 1866 William Greene
1867
1868 Pardon Stevens
30 Seth Padelford
(1807–1878)
May 25, 1869

May 27, 1873
(did not run)
Republican 1869
1870
1871
1872 Charles Cutler
31 Henry Howard
(1826–1905)
May 27, 1873

May 25, 1875
(did not run)
Republican 1873 Charles C. Van Zandt
1874
32 Henry Lippitt
(1818–1891)
May 25, 1875

May 29, 1877
(did not run)
Republican 1875 Henry Tillinghast Sisson
1876
33 Charles C. Van Zandt
(1830–1894)
May 29, 1877

May 25, 1880
(did not run)
Republican 1877 Albert Howard
1878
1879
34 Alfred H. Littlefield
(1829–1893)
May 25, 1880

May 29, 1883
(did not run)
Republican 1880 Henry Fay
1881
1882
35 Augustus O. Bourn
(1834–1925)
May 29, 1883

May 26, 1885
(did not run)
Republican 1883 Oscar Rathbun
1884
36 George P. Wetmore
(1846–1921)
May 26, 1885

May 31, 1887
(lost election)
Republican 1885 Lucius B. Darling
1886
37 John W. Davis
(1826–1907)
May 31, 1887

May 29, 1888
(lost election)
Democratic 1887 Samuel R. Honey
38 Royal C. Taft
(1823–1912)
May 29, 1888

May 28, 1889
(did not run)
Republican 1888 Enos Lapham
39 Herbert W. Ladd
(1843–1913)
May 28, 1889

May 27, 1890
(lost election)
Republican 1889 Daniel Littlefield
40 John W. Davis
(1826–1907)
May 27, 1890

May 26, 1891
(lost election)
Democratic 1890 William T. C. Wardwell
41 Herbert W. Ladd
(1843–1913)
May 26, 1891

May 31, 1892
(did not run)
Republican 1891 Henry A. Stearns
42 Daniel Russell Brown
(1848–1919)
May 31, 1892

May 29, 1895
(did not run)
Republican 1892 Melville Bull
1893
1894 Edwin Allen
43 Charles W. Lippitt
(1846–1924)
May 29, 1895

May 25, 1897
(did not run)
Republican 1895
1896
44 Elisha Dyer Jr.
(1839–1906)
May 25, 1897

May 29, 1900
(did not run)
Republican 1897 Aram J. Pothier
1898 William Gregory
1899
45 William Gregory
(1849–1901)
May 29, 1900

December 16, 1901
(died in office)
Republican 1900 Charles D. Kimball
46 Charles D. Kimball
(1859–1930)
December 16, 1901

January 6, 1903
(lost election)
Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
1901
George L. Shepley
(elected February 18, 1902)
47 Lucius F. C. Garvin
(1841–1922)
January 6, 1903

January 3, 1905
(lost election)
Democratic 1902 Adelard Archambault
1903 George H. Utter
48 George H. Utter
(1854–1912)
January 3, 1905

January 1, 1907
(lost election)
Republican 1904 Frederick H. Jackson
1905
49 James H. Higgins
(1876–1927)
January 1, 1907

January 5, 1909
(did not run)
Democratic 1906
1907 Ralph Watrous
50 Aram J. Pothier
(1854–1928)
January 5, 1909

January 5, 1915
(did not run)
Republican 1908 Arthur W. Dennis
1909 Emery J. San Souci
1910
1911
1912 Rosewell Burchard
51 Robert Livingston Beeckman
(1866–1935)
January 5, 1915

January 4, 1921
(did not run)
Republican 1914 Emery J. San Souci
1916
1918
52 Emery J. San Souci
(1857–1936)
January 4, 1921

January 2, 1923
(lost nomination)
Republican 1920 Harold Gross
53 William S. Flynn
(1885–1966)
January 2, 1923

January 6, 1925
(did not run)
Democratic 1922 Felix A. Toupin
54 Aram J. Pothier
(1854–1928)
January 6, 1925

February 4, 1928
(died in office)
Republican 1924 Nathaniel W. Smith
1926 Norman S. Case
55 Norman S. Case
(1888–1967)
February 4, 1928

January 3, 1933
(lost election)
Republican Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
1928 James G. Connelly
1930
56 Theodore F. Green
(1867–1966)
January 3, 1933

January 5, 1937
(did not run)
Democratic 1932 Robert E. Quinn
1934
57 Robert E. Quinn
(1894–1975)
January 5, 1937

January 3, 1939
(lost election)
Democratic 1936 Raymond E. Jordan
58 William Henry Vanderbilt III
(1901–1981)
January 3, 1939

January 7, 1941
(lost election)
Republican 1938 James O. McManus
59 J. Howard McGrath
(1903–1966)
January 7, 1941

October 6, 1945
(resigned)
Democratic 1940 Louis W. Cappelli
1942
1944 John Pastore
60 John Pastore
(1907–2000)
October 6, 1945

December 19, 1950
(resigned)
Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
John S. McKiernan
1946
1948
61 John S. McKiernan
(1911–1997)
December 19, 1950

January 2, 1951
(successor took office)
Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Vacant
62 Dennis J. Roberts
(1903–1994)
January 2, 1951

January 6, 1959
(lost election)
Democratic 1950 John S. McKiernan
1952
1954
1956 Armand H. Cote
63 Christopher Del Sesto
(1907–1973)
January 6, 1959

January 3, 1961
(lost election)
Republican 1958 John A. Notte Jr.
64 John A. Notte Jr.
(1909–1983)
January 3, 1961

January 1, 1963
(lost election)
Democratic 1960 Edward P. Gallogly
65 John Chafee
(1922–1999)
January 1, 1963

January 7, 1969
(lost election)
Republican 1962
1964 Giovanni Folcarelli
1966 Joseph O'Donnell Jr.
66 Frank Licht
(1916–1987)
January 7, 1969

January 2, 1973
(did not run)
Democratic 1968 J. Joseph Garrahy
1970
67 Philip Noel
(b. 1931)
January 2, 1973

January 4, 1977
(did not run)
Democratic 1972
1974
68 J. Joseph Garrahy
(1930–2012)
January 4, 1977

January 1, 1985
(did not run)
Democratic 1976 Thomas R. DiLuglio
1978
1980
1982
69 Edward D. DiPrete
(b. 1934)
January 1, 1985

January 1, 1991
(lost election)
Republican 1984 Richard A. Licht
1986
1988 Roger N. Begin
70 Bruce Sundlun
(1920–2011)
January 1, 1991

January 3, 1995
(lost nomination)
Democratic 1990
1992 Robert Weygand
71 Lincoln Almond
(1936–2023)
January 3, 1995

January 7, 2003
(term-limited)
Republican 1994
Bernard Jackvony
1998 Charles J. Fogarty
72 Donald Carcieri
(b. 1942)
January 7, 2003

January 4, 2011
(term-limited)
Republican 2002
2006 Elizabeth H. Roberts
73 Lincoln Chafee
(b. 1953)
January 4, 2011

January 6, 2015
(did not run)
Independent 2010
74 Gina Raimondo
(b. 1971)
January 6, 2015

March 2, 2021
(resigned)
Democratic 2014 Dan McKee
2018
75 Dan McKee
(b. 1951)
March 2, 2021

Incumbent
Democratic Succeeded from
lieutenant
governor
Sabina Matos
2022

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Office was named Deputy Governor until 1798.
  2. ^ Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  3. ^ Cooke was deputy governor when colonial governor Joseph Wanton was deposed on November 7, 1775, and was chosen to replace him.
  4. ^ Sobel
  5. ^ As the office of lieutenant governor was vacant, President of the Senate Smith succeeded to governor.
  6. ^ Wilbour was instead elected to the United States House of Representatives.
  7. ^ No candidate received a majority of the vote for governor, so Lieutenant Governor-elect Wilbour acted as governor for the term.
  8. ^ Knight resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  9. ^ Very little is known of Wilcox, and he does not appear on most lists of governors, but it is known he was lieutenant governor at the time Knight resigned, and at least one reference specifically states he succeeded Knight.
  10. ^ No candidate received a majority of the vote for governor, and four run-offs were attempted during the year but all were similarly deadlocked. Arnold remained as governor, and in January 1833, the state legislature formalized it, permitting him to continue on as governor until the end of the term.
  11. ^ No candidate received a majority of the vote for either governor or lieutenant governor, so as First Senator, King served as acting governor for the year.
  12. ^ A constitutional convention, without consent from the legislature, convened in 1842 and, on May 2, proclaimed Thomas Wilson Dorr as governor, which led to a brief period of strife known as the Dorr Rebellion.
  13. ^ Allen resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  14. ^ Glashan and Sobel label Hoppin as a Whig and Maine Law candidate in 1854; Dubin, and Kallenbach label him a Whig and American in 1855, and a Republican and American in 1856.
  15. ^ Turner lost the Republican nomination to Seth Padelford.
  16. ^ Sprague resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  17. ^ Sprague was elected as part of a Democratic and Conservative Republican ticket in 1860, and aftwards as a Union candidate.
  18. ^ As the office of lieutenant governor was vacant, President pro tempore of the Senate Cozzens succeeded to governor.
  19. ^ Howard represented the Republican and Prohibition parties.
  20. ^ Van Zandt represented the Republican and Prohibition parties.
  21. ^ Incumbent governor William Gregory was re-elected in November 1901, but died the next month, so Lieutenant Governor Kimball succeeded him.
  22. ^ San Souci lost the Republican nomination to Harold Gross.
  23. ^ Flynn instead ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate.
  24. ^ Green was instead elected to the United States Senate.
  25. ^ McGrath resigned, having been confirmed as Solicitor General of the United States.
  26. ^ Pastore resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.
  27. ^ Sundlun lost the Democratic nomination to Myrth York.
  28. ^ a b Under a 1992 amendment to the constitution, governors are ineligible to serve consecutively for more than two terms.
  29. ^ Chafee was elected as an independent, but on May 30, 2013, he joined the Democratic Party.
  30. ^ Raimondo resigned, having been confirmed as United States Secretary of Commerce.
  31. ^ McKee's first full term began on January 3, 2023, and will expire January 5, 2027.

References

General
  • "Former Rhode Island Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 11, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. IV. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
  • Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  • Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of Rhode Island - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
Specific
  1. ^ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
  2. ^ "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of Rhode Island; May 29, 1790". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 22, 2015. Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  3. ^ 1842 Const. art. 8, § 1
  4. ^ "Annotated Constitution of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations" (1988). Library Archive. 26. Page 16. Accessed June 13, 2023
  5. ^ "Rhode Island Recall of Statewide Elected Officials, Proposal 1 (1992)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  6. ^ RI Const. art. 9, § 9
  7. ^ "Nicholas Cooke". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  8. ^ Arnold, Samuel Greene (1894). History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Vol. 2. Providence: Preston and Rounds. p. 361. ISBN 9781429022767. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  9. ^ a b c Kallenbach 1977, p. 524.
  10. ^ "William Greene". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl Kallenbach 1977, pp. 505–508.
  12. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1333.
  13. ^ "John Collins". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  14. ^ "Providence, (R.I.) May 11". Dunlap and Claypoole's American Daily Advertiser. May 27, 1786. p. 2. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  15. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1334.
  16. ^ "Arthur Fenner". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  17. ^ "Rhodeisland". The Vermont Journal. May 26, 1790. p. 3. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  18. ^ a b c d e Sobel 1978, p. 1335.
  19. ^ "Henry Smith". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  20. ^ "Isaac Wilbour". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  21. ^ "Rhode-Island". Weekly Wanderer. May 26, 1806. p. 3. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  22. ^ Kallenbach 1977, p. 349.
  23. ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
  24. ^ a b c Sobel 1978, pp. 1335–1336.
  25. ^ a b c "James Fenner". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  26. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1336–1337.
  27. ^ "William Jones". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  28. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1337–1338.
  29. ^ "Nehemiah Rice Knight". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  30. ^ "General Election". Hartford Courant. May 20, 1817. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  31. ^ a b Manual - the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Secretary of State, Rhode Island. 1878. p. 94.
  32. ^ "none". The Charleston Daily Courier. January 22, 1821. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023. Nehemiah R. Knight, Governor of the State of Rhode Island, was, on the 9th inst. elected by the Legislature of that State, a Senator of the United States... He accepted the appointment, and immediately resigned the office of Governor of the State.
  33. ^ "Edward Cox". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  34. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1338.
  35. ^ "William Channing Gibbs". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  36. ^ "Rhode-Island Election". The Rhode-Island Republican. May 9, 1821. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  37. ^ "Rhode-Island Legislature". The Rhode-Island Republican. May 13, 1824. p. 3. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  38. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1338–1339.
  39. ^ "Lemuel Hastings Arnold". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  40. ^ "none". The Rhode-Island Republican. May 4, 1831. p. 3. Retrieved June 15, 2023. Governor Arnold then took the chair and proceeded to business... making no remarks or inaugural address to the assembly.
  41. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1339–1340.
  42. ^ "John Brown Francis". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  43. ^ "The Legislature". Herald of The Times. May 9, 1833. p. 1. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  44. ^ a b Glashan 1979, p. 270.
  45. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1340–1341.
  46. ^ "William Sprague". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  47. ^ "General Election". Herald of The Times. May 10, 1838. p. 1. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  48. ^ a b c Sobel 1978, p. 1341.
  49. ^ "Samuel King". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  50. ^ "Rhode-Island Legislature". The Rhode-Island Republican. May 8, 1839. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  51. ^ "General Assembly". Herald of The Times. May 11, 1843. p. 2. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  52. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1342.
  53. ^ "Charles Jackson". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  54. ^ "General Assembly". Herald of The Times. May 15, 1845. p. 4. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  55. ^ a b Sobel 1978, pp. 1342–1343.
  56. ^ "Byron Diman". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  57. ^ "The Legislature". Herald of The Times. May 7, 1846. p. 2. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  58. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1343–1344.
  59. ^ "Elisha Harris". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  60. ^ "General Assembly". Herald of The Times. May 13, 1847. p. 1. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  61. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1344–1345.
  62. ^ "Henry Bowen Anthony". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  63. ^ "Rhode Island Legislature". Herald of The Times. May 3, 1849. p. 3. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  64. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 1345.
  65. ^ "Phillip Allen". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  66. ^ "General Assembly". Herald of The Times. May 8, 1851. p. 3. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  67. ^ Sobel 1978, pp. 1345–1346.
  68. ^ "Francis M. Dimond". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  69. ^ "none". Herald of The Times. July 28, 1853. p. 1. Retrieved June 16, 2023. The duties of Governor now devolved upon his Honor the Lieut. Governor, Francis M. Dimond...
  70. ^ a b c Sobel 1978, p. 1346.
  71. ^ "William Warner Hoppin". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  72. ^ "none". The Westerly Echo, & Pawcatuck Advertiser. May 4, 1854. p. 2. Retrieved June 16, 2023. The Governor elect appeared and took the oath of office.
  73. ^ a b c Glashan 1979, p. 272.
  74. ^ Dubin 2003, p. 237.
  75. ^ Kallenbach 1977, p. 514.
  76. ^ Sobel 1978, p. 1347.
  77. ^ "Elisha Dyer Sr". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  78. ^ "Legislature of Rhode Island". Hartford Courant. May 27, 1857. p. 3. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
  79. ^ a b Sobel 1978, p. 1348.
  80. ^ "Thomas Goodwin Turner". National Governors Association. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
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