Today, Indulf is a topic that generates great interest and debate in society. Since its emergence, it has captured the attention of experts and the general public, who seek to understand and analyze it from different perspectives. Its impact covers various aspects, from the economy to culture, and its influence extends globally. With the passage of time, Indulf has become a highly relevant phenomenon, giving rise to conflicting opinions and deep reflections. In this article, we will explore this relevant topic in detail, examining its implications and consequences in different areas.
Indulf | |
---|---|
King of Scots | |
Reign | 954–962 |
Predecessor | Malcolm I |
Successor | Dub |
Died | 962 Cullen? or Monastery of St Andrews |
Burial | |
Issue | Cuilén, King of Alba Amlaíb, King of Alba Eochaid |
House | Alpin |
Father | Constantine II, King of Alba |
Ildulb mac Causantín, anglicised as Indulf or Indulph, nicknamed An Ionsaighthigh, "the Aggressor" (died 962) was king of Alba from 954 to 962. He was the son of Constantine II; his mother may have been a daughter of Earl Eadulf I of Bernicia, who was an exile in Scotland.
Indulf was probably baptised in 927. According to William of Malmesbury, Æthelstan stood godfather to a son of Constantine at the Church of Dacre. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle dates the meeting of Æthelstan with the northern kings at Eamont to the 12 July 927. So, it is likely that this baptism occurred on, or around, the Feast of St Hildulf, which Alex Woolf suggests may be the source of his uncommon name.
John of Fordun and others supposed that Indulf had been king of Strathclyde in the reign of his predecessor, based on their understanding that the kingdom of Strathclyde had become a part of the kingdom of Alba in the 940s. This, however, is no longer accepted.
The Chronicle of the Kings of Alba says: "In his time oppidum Eden", usually identified as Edinburgh, "was evacuated, and abandoned to the Scots until the present day." This has been read as indicating that Lothian, or some large part of it, fell to Indulf at this time. However, the conquest of Lothian is likely to have been a process rather than a single event, and the frontier between the lands of the kings of Alba and Bernicia may have lain south and east of Edinburgh many years before Indulf's reign.
Indulf's death is reported by the Chronicon Scotorum in 962, the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba adding that he was killed fighting Vikings near Cullen, at the Battle of Bauds. The Prophecy of Berchán, however, claims that he died "in the house of the same holy apostle, where his father ", that is at the céli dé monastery of St Andrews. He was buried on Iona.
Indulf was succeeded by Dub (Dub mac Maíl Coluim), son of his predecessor. His sons Cuilén and Amlaíb were later kings. Eochaid, a third son, was killed with Cuilén by the men of Strathclyde in 971.