In today's world, Duho languages is a topic that has captured the attention of many. Whether due to its historical relevance, impact on current society, or its influence in the cultural sphere, Duho languages has generated endless debates and discussions. Over the years, it has been the subject of study and analysis by experts in different fields, which has led to a diversity of opinions and perspectives on this topic. With its presence in the daily lives of many people, Duho languages has proven to be a key element in shaping the world in which we live. In this article, we will fully explore the impact and importance of Duho languages, and how it has shaped our worldview.
Duho | |
---|---|
(proposed) | |
Geographic distribution | Northwestern Amazon |
Linguistic classification | Proposed as one of the world's primary language families |
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | None |
Duho is a proposed language family of South America, uniting two proposed genetic groupings, Hodi–Saliban and Ticuna–Yuri. This language family was proposed by Marcelo Jolkesky (2016), based on his previous but now disclaimed Macro-Daha family which had also included the Andoque–Urequena languages.
Zamponi (2017) concludes that the similarities between Saliban and Hodɨ appear to be due to contact, but that a distant genealogical relationship between Betoi and Sáliban is plausible though not demonstrated. He does not address Ticuna–Yuri.
Jolkesky (2016) suggests that the homeland of Proto-Duho was in the Serranía de Chiribiquete.: 590
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with Chibchan languages due to contact, which may point to the earlier presence of Chibchan speakers in the Orinoco basin.: 325
Internal classification of the Duho language family by Jolkesky (2016):
Jolkesky's Duho languages have shared forms in *ʧ for "I", *kʷ for "you" and *t for "we", which are found in all languages.
language | I | thou | he | she | we | they |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ticuna | ʧò- | ku- | dĩ- | ɡĩ- /i- | tò- | ta-́ |
Yuri | tshuu | wikú | di | - | too | - |
Saliba | ʧ- | ũku, kʷ- | Ø-, i-, -di | x-, -x | t- | h- |
Piaroa | ʧ(u)- | (u)ku, kʷ- | Ø-, -de | hʷ-, -h | t(u)- | tʰ(a)- |
Wirö | ʧ(V)- | ɯkʷɯ, kʷ(V)- | Ø- | h(V)-, -h | d(V)-, -dɯtʰɯ | tʰ(V)- |
Hodi | ʰtæ | ʰkæ | dæ | - | ʰtai | hai |
Betoi | r(u)- | uhu, h(u)- | Ø-, -ri | Ø- | r-, -nuto | ? |
Several basic words in Duho languages appear to be related. The following examples are given, with further parallels in Sape:
language | tree | mouth | head | hair | path | eat | spirit | offspring | breast | who | what |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ticuna | dãi | àː | èrú | ʧi | bã̀ | ɡõ̀ː | ã́ẽ̀ | dẽ́ | biĩ́ | tèẽ́ | tàː |
Yuri | noi | i à | gerühó | ii | -mó | - | - | o nné | - | - | - |
Saliba | - | aha | iʤu | - | maa(-na) | ikua | õãĩ | nẽ(-ẽ) | omixe | ã-diha | ã-daha |
Piaroa | dawi | æ | u(-ju) | -ʦˀe | mæ(-næ) | ku | ãẽ | ĩtʰĩ | ami | di | dæhe |
Wirö | towi | a | u; -ʤu | -ˀʤe | ma(-na) | ku(-õ) | - | ĩtʰĩ | omu | ti | tahi |
Hodi | ʰtawɯ | a | ʰtu | - | ma(-na); -ma | ʰku-õ | ãwẽ(-no) | ĩni | me(e) | - | - |
(Sape) | tapa | itu | koyanukú, moynaku | pa | mu | ko/ku | - | katona | wi | pante | pemente |